Intervention model for detection, prevention and control of COVID-19 in community pharmacy

Abstract The announcement by the WHO of the characterization of the new Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic, entails an adaptation by the community pharmacy in carrying out its care activity in general, with particular emphasis on "Minor Ailments Service" in particular. The measures taken by the different health administrations in which patient telephone care by primary care offices is prioritized have left more consultations on symptoms in the community pharmacist health-related problems as pharmacies are the closest health facilities to the patient. The similarity between the symptomatology caused by the new Coronavirus with that of some Enteroviruses that cause mild respiratory and gastrointestinal tables (dry cough, fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhoea, etc.) makes community pharmacies highly capable places for contagion detection and prevention. A model of protocolized intervention is needed to facilitate the pharmacist's work in discriminating during the indication between minor symptoms and symptoms of referral for possible cases of COVID-19 so that in conjunction with the rest of the staff we help control the disease and make better use of primary care consultations.

Características de personalidad, hábitos alimentarios y diagnóstico nutricional. Estudio en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad en Monteros, Argentina / Personality characteristics, eating habits and nutritional diagnosis. Study in adolescents with overweight and obesity in Monteros, Argentina

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las relaciones entre las características de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y el diagnóstico nutricional de adolescentes escolarizados de Monteros, Tucumán, Argentina. Material y Método Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, comparativo transversal, con una muestra no probabilística de 172 adolescentes (edad promedio = 13,5 ± 1,0). Se tomaron mediciones individuales de peso y talla para calcular el índice de masa corporal y dividirlos en dos grupos: clínico (sobrepesos/obesos) y control (peso normal). Además, se les aplicó un cuestionario de personalidad y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos adaptado para el presente estudio. Resultados El 41,9% de los adolescentes presentaban sobrepeso, obesidad y obesidad mórbida. La frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y los hábitos alimentarios fueron adecuados en ambos grupos, mientras que la actividad física y estilo de vida fueron poco adecuados en el grupo control y adecuado en el grupo clínico. Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas bajas entre los rasgos de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física y estilo de vida; mientras que no se pudo comprobar la relación entre la personalidad, el diagnóstico nutricional y la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Conclusión Los resultados evidenciaron un importante aumento de sobrepeso y obesidad respecto a estudios locales previos como la vinculación entre los rasgos de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física y estilo de vida.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the relationships between the characteristics of the persona-lity, eating habits and the nutritional diagnosis of school-age adolescents of Monteros, Tucumán, Argentina. Material and Method A quantitative, cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 172 adolescents (average age = 13,57 ± 1,074). Individual measurements of weight and height were taken to calculate the body mass index and divided into two groups: clinical (overweight / obese) and control (normal weight). Moreover, a personality questionnaire was applied to them, and a food consumption frequency questionnaire adapted for the present study. Results 41.9% of adolescents were overweight, obese and morbidly obese. The frequency of food consumption and eating habits are adequate in both groups, while phy-sical activity and lifestyle was little adequate in the control group and adequate in the clinical group. Significant associations were found between personality traits, eating habits and physical activity-lifestyle, while the relationship between personality and nutritional diagnosis and the frequency of food consumption could not be verified. Conclusion The results showed an increase in overweight/obesity compared to previous local studies and the correlation between personality traits, eating habits and physical activity-lifestyle.

Personalidad en pacientes con trastorno alimentario en función de la presencia/ausencia de comorbilidad con trastorno límite de la personalidad / Personality in patients with eating disorders depending on the presence/absence of comorbidity with borderline personality disorder

Resumen Los estudios sobre comorbilidad entre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y los trastornos de la personalidad reportan tasas del 20-80%, condición que dificulta el diagnóstico y ensombrece el pronóstico, especialmente respecto a su comorbilidad con el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP). El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar si las alteraciones patológicas de la personalidad permiten distinguir no solo entre distintos tipos de TCA, sino además en función de su comorbilidad con el TLP. Participaron 29 pacientes con TCA, 10 con TCA comórbido con TLP [TCAc], 27 con TLP y 22 controles sanas, quienes completaron el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II) y otras dos medidas, una sobre impulsividad y otra dirigida a evaluar síntomas de bulimia nerviosa (BN). El grupo TCA se caracterizó por mayor compulsividad, principalmente el subgrupo con anorexia nerviosa vs. los grupos TLP y TCAc; no obstante, estos dos últimos compartieron un amplio número de rasgos indicativos de inestabilidad emocional, y también -aunque en menor medida− con el subgrupo con BN. Los hallazgos apoyan un continuum de gravedad en función de la compulsividad-impulsividad, con importantes implicaciones etiopatogénicas, diagnósticas y psicoterapéuticas.

Abstract Studies on comorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and personality disorders yield rates of 20-80%, a condition that makes difficult the diagnosis and complicates prognosis, especially regarding their comorbidity with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The objective of this study was to assess whether pathological personality alterations make it possible to distinguish not only between different types of ED, but also in terms of their comorbidity with BPD. Participants included 29 patients with ED, 10 with comorbid ED with BPD (EDc), 27 with BPD and 22 healthy controls, who completed the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II), and two other measures, one on impulsivity and other aimed at assess symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN). The ED group was characterized by greater compulsivity, mainly in the subgroup with anorexia nervosa vs. BPD and EDc groups; however, these last two groups shared many features that show emotional instability, although less that the subgroup with BN. These findings support a continuum of severity in terms of compulsivity-impulsivity, with important etiopathogenic, diagnostic and psychotherapeutic implications.

Picaduras por aracnomorfos en la ciudad de Sucre (Chuquisaca, Bolivia) / Arachnomorph´s pitting in the city of Sucre (Chuquisaca, Bolivia)

Se realizó un estudio de picaduras de aracnomrofos en la ciudad de Sucre (Chuquisaca). El método comprendió el uso de encuestas semiestructuradas, donde se consultó sobre la percepción que tienen, sintomatologías y conocimiento local sobre métodos de curación. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la mayoría tiene fobia hacia los arácnidos. El conocimiento local, permite conocer los diferentes tipos de arañas y escorpiones que residen en los domicilios. Se describe los síntomas que causan debido al efecto de las picadas, además de los métodos convencionales y naturales de curación.

We study of pitting Arachnomorph´s was held in the city of Sucre (Chuquisaca). The method realized using semistructured interviews, which were consulted on the perception, symptom and local knowledge of healing methods. The results show that most have phobia of arachnids. Local knowledge, allows to know the different types of spiders and scorpions that live in the homes. They are causing symptoms due to the effect of bites and of natural and using the conventional and natural healing methods.